Link to WBTI Journal

081512-1533
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Some introduction about Dr. Tony Lei
By Jessie Walsh and Cheryl Moss

Dear Manager Tom, In response to your request for an introduction about Dr. Tony Lei to the voters and homeowners of South Shores Community Association, Dr. Lok had U. S. Congresswoman Shelley Berkley the following paragraphs (update now) for her to introduce Tony from our Institute (WBTI) in the Event and Dinner Party for a Special Tribute to U. S. Senator Harry Reid.*1

Sincerely,

PAI of WBTI

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Dr. Tony Lei is the President of Washington Business and Technology Institute (WBTI) and Chairman of Chinese American Academic Association of Nevada (CAAAN). He received an M.B.A. in 1969 and a Doctorate of Education in Institutional Management in 1990 from Pepperdine University. His dessertation was entitled "A study of the impact of enrollment in a computer science class on mahematics scores and attendance in a secondary school." It was published in 1990 by University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, Michigan. He had been an Associate Professor of Information Management of the Graduate School of Business Administration of National Chunghsing University and a Fallow of Management of Pepperdine University from 1985 to 1991 and 1991 to 1996, respectively. He has completed numerious scientific papers, text books, best selling books, and research projects during past 30 years in universities and academic institutes. Dr. Tony Lei's dedication and performance in academic research are indicated by the acceptance of his papers continuously for presentation and publication by the International Conference on Technology and Education (ICTE), International Information Management Congress (IIMC), and Science Engineering Technology Seminars (SETS). His famous publications of "Modern Business Management," "Information Management," "Management Behavior," "The Art of Leading," among others have been adopted by many universities and colleges as textbooks. During his three year term from 1997 to 2000 as a Director of the Las Vegas Senior Citizens Advisory Board, he had enhanced its social and educational value of the activities and programs of the Board. As the Exective Vice President of Seniors United in 2000, he modernized its management with non-partisan and educational advancement for our Nevadan seniors. As Director of the Board of South Shores Community Association (SSCA) since 1993, Dr. Tony Lei's knowledge, wisdom, and talent have contributed to the SSCA's being one of the best community in the United States of America for many years. He serves the community through a variety of venues as the Senior Advisor of U. S. Congresswoman Shelley Berkley; Office of Clark County Assistant District Attorney; Raleigh, Hunt, McGarry & Drizin, P.C.; and Constable's Office of Las Vegas Township.

Dr. Tony Lei has published 82 books on business management, marketing, and information magement. He has also published more than 276 papers on business administration, information management, and computer education. Many of them were presented by him to famous international conferences in business, information, and educational management. A paper entitled "The Impact of Appropriate Use of Computer Learning on Mathematics Scores," was published by the 11th International Conference on Technology and Education (ICET) in 1993 at London, England. He presented a paper entitled "Enhancing Mathematics Learning with Computers," at the 12th ICTE in Orlando, Florida.*2 At the same time, he was the first presider of the conference on educational multimedia and computing in the 15th Florida Educational Technology Conference (FETC) in Orlando, Florida. In 1996, he presented and published "A Study of the Implementation of Computer Education in Public Schools" at the 13th ICTE in New Orleans, Louisiana.

In January 2000, Dr. Tony Lei and Dr. William Thompson established the Public Administration Institution (PAI) for WBTI. It has Dr. Thompson as its Fellow and Director; and Nevada State Senator and Professor of UNLV Dina Titus, Justice of the Supreme Court Nancy Becker, Former Attorney General Frankie Sue Del Papa, District Judges Mark Denton, Valorie Vega, Michelle Leavitt, Jennifer Togliatti, Jessie Walsh, and Dr. Achie Chang as its Fellows. Dr. Tony Lei is also the Honorary President of Great Wall College and Xaimen Straits Foreign Language College. He is the Contrbuting Editor of "Nevada Examiner" and "reviewjournal.com - WBTI website." He has creatively led WBTI as an non-profit organization dedicated to the encouragement and promotion of academic research, community service, and humane spirit for all our residents and visitors of Nevada.

On March 11, 2003, Dr. John Wang, Spokesman of WBTI, announced the appointment of Dr. E. Lee Bernick and Dr. G. Keong Leong as deans of WBTI's Public Administratioon Division and Business Administration Division of the Graduate School of Business and Public Administration (GSBPA) of Washington Business and Technology Institute (WBTI)*3 Faculty members of the Graduate School include Drs. Harry Reid, Shelley Berkley, and Dina Titus as Professors of Administrative Strategies; District Judges Mark Denton, Valorie Vega, and Nancy Saitta as Associate Professors; among others. Coordinated with the faculty members, Dr. Tony Lei has designed educational programs of the CPM and MBA/PKE with Dr. Keong Leong; the CMPA and MPA/SME with Dr. Lee Bernick; and the CEH with Dr. William Thompson for the GSBPA of WBTI.

The Institute, WBTI, has been honored to have Governor Kenny Guinn as its Chairman, and U. S. Senators Harry Reid and John Ensign as Vice Chairmen, U.S. Representatives Jim Gibbons and Shelley Berkley, and Las Vegas Mayor Oscar Goodman as Executive Advisors of its Advisory Board. It has also the following faculty members: District Judges Mark R. Denton and Valorie J. Vega, Vice Presidents; Dr. William N. Thompson, Director of Public Administration Institution; Dr. E. Lee Bernick and Dr. G. Keong Leong, Deans of Graduate School of Business and Public Administration; Dr. Sue Fawn Chung, Director of Culture Institution; Justice of the Supreme Court William Maupin, Attorney General Brian Sandoval, and District Judge Stewart Bell, Honorary Chairmen of Clark County District Attorney and Police Civil Commission (CCDAPCC); and District Attorney David Roger and Clark County Sheriff Bill Young, Chairmen of CCDAPCC.

On September 28, 2001, WBTI established Pan Pacific and Asian American Forum (PPAAF) to pay a special tribute to U. S. Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao. The Forum has been published as one of the famous sections of WBTI website. It is bought to you by Las Vegas Review-Journal and lasvegas.com through http://communitylink.reviewjournal.com/lvrj/wbti. On March 4, 2002, WBTI received a Congrssioal Recognition Award from U. S. Congresswoman Shelley Berkley for its outstanding accoplishment of the presentation and publication of PPAAF. U. S. Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao has been recommended and honored by many high-ranking officials, educational administrators, business owners, and community leaders of Nevada as the Chairperson of WBTI.

Dr. Tony Lei and WBTI have been continuously awarded, in the recent eleven years, by Governor Kenny Guinn, U. S. Senators Harry Reid and John Ensign, U.S. Representatives James Gibbons and Shelley Berkley, Clark County Commission Chairman Chip Maxfield and Commissioners, Las Vegas Mayor Oscar Goodman, among others.

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References

1. Moss, Cheryl. 'Some introduction about Dr. Tony Lei,' "A letter to Albert Chang, Esq. -- President of NCAAPB," (August 12, 2002), Las Vegas, Nevada: WBTI.
2. Sechrest, Thomas; Thomas, Michael; and Estes, Nolan. "Leadership for Creating Educational Changes: Integrating the Power of Technology," (February 28 - March 3, 1995), Orlando, Florida: 12th ICTE.
*3. Walsh, Jessie; Moss, Cheryl; and Chang, Tiffany. 'Drs. Lee Bernick, Keong Leong appointed deans of GSBPA of WBTI,' "Nevada Examiner," (March 28, 2003), Las Vegas, Nevada: Nevada Examiner.

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081512-1521
(2/3) With attachment: An Introduction about Dr. Tony T. Lei
An attachment ---

A PREFACE of the book BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION and ANALYTICAL ECONOMICS

Tony Tung-tien Lei
M.B.A., Ed. D., Pepperdine University

Quantitative analysis, experimental research, electronic computer, and behaviroal approach are tools for modern business administration. Owing to the rapid develoment of science and fast progress of technologies, many former concepts were outdated by the wave of time. There are two
concerned ways for modern business administration: one is the rapid progress of the management science; the other is the enthusiastic development of the behabioral sciences. Therefore, an outstanding manager should by the same time a capable mamagement scientist and an intllectual behavioral scientist.

By Using modern scientific tools to approach the problems of human behavior, behavioral sciences has its many splendid contribution to the concepts and techniques of management. Courses in universities like Human Relations, Behavioral Sciences for Management, Leadership, etc. are popular for business students. Among many criticle problems in this area, resistance to change and motivation for employees are two practical issues for management. Efforts in this book have been worked out through the use of statistical analysis. electronic data processing, and scientific experiment.

For the development of business, analytical economics plays an important part of role. Some famous universities have pioneered to establish the course called Econmics and Business Development. It is for the reason that in this book stress is put to make the analytical economics as a foundation for the study of business development.

Part of the book had been used by me to assist the teaching of Dr. Donald S. Bibbero's Research Methodology in the Graduate School of Business Administration of Pepperdine College. Moreover, the mimeography of this book have been used by me to teach Human Relations Behavioral Sciences for Management, Personnel Administration, Research of Personnel Administration and Economicand Business Development in the Department of Commerce of National Taiwan University, thhe Graduate School of Business Administration of Chengchi University, the Department of Business administration of Chunghsin University, and the Department of Business Administration of Fujen University. Teachingmethodology includes lectures, cases discussion, and simulated exercises. The courses have been very popular with the junior and senior students. Te class of Behavioral Sciences for Management was once chosen by one hundred and eighty five students from four colleges of the National Taiwan University.

In 1964, Tony recieved a scholarship from the Graduate School of Business Administration of Tulane University. He received also a scholarship of provincial staffs for an air ticket to U.S. from Taiwan. It's a one year one staff winner examination by the provincial government!

In April 1969, Tony received M.B.A. from Pepperdine University with outstanding academic performance, straight A.

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In 1971, he received a scholarship and had six months post graduate study in the UN Asian Institute in Bangkok, Thailand where he was awarded as a Fellow. Thanks to the advice of Dr. G. Dahlke for Tony's thesis "Performance Evaluation of the World Food Programme in China"!

Tony worked for Humble Oil Company; after he received MBA degree, he worked for William O'Nell Company, Executive Life Insurance Company, etc.

******************************************
...
Afer years of work in Los Angels, he was invited by International Economic and Cooperation Council (IECC) of ROC as an Investigator. His main responsibility was working for the FOOD PROGRAMME of United Nations in Taiwan.

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Dr. Tony T. Lei, President
Washington Business and Technology Institute Journal
http://wbti.wordpress.com/category/dr-tony-t-lei-president/

Organization Newsletter #2 041009-0759

Organization Newsletter #2
http://communitylink.reviewjournal.com/lvrj/wbti/WashingtonBusiness

041009-0759
<<< A U.S. mail from Majority Leader Honorable Harry Reid of the U. S. Senate in Washington, DC 20510-7012 [To be continued ...] >>> Chinese American Academic Association of Nevada
2245 Homeland Street
Suite 102
Las Vegas, Nevada 89128

Dear Friends:

Recently, I had the opporttunity to recognize Lunar New Year before the United States Senate. I am pleased to share with you the official Congresssional Record of the 11th Congress which honors the historical and cuktural significance of this holiday.

I send my best wishes. If I can be of assistance to you, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Sincerely,

(Autograph)
HARRY REID
United States Senator
March 25, 2009

Editors' notes

http://communitylink.reviewjournal.com/servlet/lvrj_ProcServ/dbpage=page&GID=01325001051063401400197432&PG=01336001051088379640064904

Published in: Dr. Tony T. Lei, Presidenton April 10, 2009 at 7:04 am Comments (0)

The purpose of WBTI Journal
Washington Business and Technology Institute - Home Page
President~{!/~}s Message of WBTI for New Year~{!/~}s Day, 2008

Creative innovation and entrepreneurial spirit have been two scientific methodology and stratagems for the prosperity and development of information technology and business in America. The late Dr. Peter F. Drucker inspired us that: Innovation is very important. No good business can survive without successful innovation during a period of time! He emphazised the innovative marketing for businesses and institutions. With our Advisory Board and Faculty Members, we initiate, develop, and implement it together with the brilliance of Google, Yahoo, and MSN. Among the YouTub, Facebook, Wikipedia, and others, we have a difference. We help promote the visibility and popularlity locally, nationally, and internationally for people, cities, and projects. Everybody may like to share a wish and practice that, preparation plus opportunity can bring us a luck.

For a special institute like ours, the integration of ingenuity, entrepreneurship, integrity, and modern management is not asking for what we may get but for what we may influence. The influence has been positive and righteous to our people and communities.

...
.......
............

We all came to learn in America. With Harvard, Princeton, Pepperdine, and among others, we belong to a family of alumni associations. The angel came, influenced, and saved. She is the hero. A thing of peace with love is the joy of people on our beautiful earth!

To serve and help others with a gracious heart will bring us a lifetime happiness of learning!

In righteousness we shall be established. In this 21th Century new era and society, we need economic growth, but we also need to establish and promote creativity, fairness and Justice, serve and love, educational knowledge, and spirit engineering. We wish and affirm that a pure spring may prosper and enrich our splendid and golden country through: the elegant properties of freedom, democracy, entrepreneurship, and justice; the power of public service that based on ~{!.~}Knowledge is the power of righteousness!~{!/~}; the advancement of technology, innovation, and civilization; and the spirit that ~{!.~}Knowledge calls, ultimately, for a life of service!~{!/~}

Judy and I thank heartily the advice, contribution, and cooperation of all our Boards and Faculty members and Asian American Community. The sky is all beautiful in Nevada, California, New York, and Texas today! Wish everybody a joyful, lucky, healthy, and prosperous future in these coming splendid and hopeful days!

Happy New Year!!!

Tony Tung-tien Lei, LL.B., M.B.A., Ed.D.

Published in: Dr. Tony T. Lei, President on April 7, 2009 at 3:36 pm Comments (0)

Mike H. Lei, Editor
Washington Business and Technology Institute Journal
http://wbti.wordpress.com/category/mike-h-lei-editor/

JUST-PRAY
http://www.just-pray.com/

The Idea behind this website~{!-~}
~{!0~}Just Pray~{!1~} was the last words my brother John gave to me on 3/21/2008, the day before he went to be with his Maker.

I hope this website will become a place where people can request prayer, experience Him, and pray for others.

May people come to know His love and receive eternal life through JC.

Here are some words from the Bible~{!-~}

~{!0~}For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life.~{!1~}

~{!0~}Until now you have not asked for anything in My name. Ask and you will receive, and your joy will be complete.~{!1~}

~{!0~}But God demonstrates His own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us.~{!1~}

~{!0~}That if you confess with your mouth, ~{!0~}Jesus is Lord,~{!1~} and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For it is with your heart that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you confess and are saved.~{!1~}

May He bless you!
Contact Information
Email :
info@just-pray.com

Published in: Mike H. Lei, Editoron April 13, 2009 at 10:30 am Comments (0)

THE MEANING OF ~{!0~}COVENANT~{!1~} IN HEBREWS 9:16-17
THE MEANING OF ~{!0~}COVENANT~{!1~} IN HEBREWS 9:16-17

___________________

A Paper

Presented to

Dr. Stanley Toussaint

Dallas Theological Seminary

___________________

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Course

BE107 Hebrews, General Epistles, and Revelation

___________________

by

Mike H. Lei

February, 2009

This paper will discuss the meaning of diatheke in Hebrews 9:16-17. This word can be translated as ~{!0~}covenant~{!1~} or ~{!0~}will~{!1~}. The paper will first present the arguments for ~{!0~}will~{!1~} and then the arguments for ~{!0~}covenant~{!1~}. Then it will conclude with my own position.

NIV translates diatheke as ~{!0~}will~{!1~} in Hebrews 9:16-17: ~{!0~}In the case of a will, it is necessary to prove the death of the one who made it, because a will is in force only when somebody has died; it never takes effect while the one who made it is living.~{!1~}[1] The word diatheke usually mean ~{!0~}will~{!1~} or ~{!0~}testament~{!1~} in secular Greek. The Jews choose this word for ~{!0~}covenant~{!1~} (berit) in the Septuagint because it means an arrangement given by a superior party to an inferior party who can accept or reject it.[2] Thus, the secular use of the word diatheke as ~{!0~}will~{!1~} is used in these verses as an analogy to the Mosaic covenant. A testator must die before his will can take effect just as the sacrificial animal~{!/~}s death represents the atonement of Christ.[3] Zondervan NIV Bible Commentary sees the technical legal term for ~{!0~}will~{!1~} points to the necessity of Christ~{!/~}s death to bring into force a new covenant.[4]

NASB translates diatheke as ~{!0~}covenant~{!1~} in Hebrews 9:16-17: ~{!0~}For where a covenant is, there must of necessity be the death of the one who made it. For a covenant is valid only when men are dead, for it is never in force while the one who made it lives.~{!1~}[5] W.L. Lane points out ~{!0~}for~{!1~} in vs. 16 and ~{!0~}therefore~{!1~} in vs. 18 ties vs. 16-17 to the preceding and following verses about covenant. Lane calls vs. 16-17 ~{!0~}a general principle based on the procedure for the ratification of a covenant~{!1~}. [6] Lane points to vs. 18-22 which connects covenant to death. The covenant is ratified by the death of the covenant-victim. Lane sees these verses focusing on Christ~{!/~}s death as the priestly mediator, not as the death leading to inheritance. [7] Lane explains vs. 16b by pointing to covenant ratification in the OT by the deaths of sacrificial animals. The ratifying party invokes a curse upon himself by the symbolism of the animal sacrifices. If the ratifying party breaks the terms of the covenant he will suffer the violent death like the animals in the sacrifice. Thus, Lane explains ~{!0~}For the ratification of a covenant it was necessary for the death of the ratifier to be represented symbolically.~{!1~}[8] The Expositor~{!/~}s Bible Commentary notes that Lane~{!/~}s view is different from most recent commentators.[9] However, Vine~{!/~}s Complete Expositor Dictionary supports the common use of diatheke as ~{!0~}covenant~{!1~} and does not see sufficient reason to use it otherwise.[10]

The author of Hebrews appears to understand the double meaning of this word and used the word diatheke to describe how a new covenant is like a will. A will is enacted on the death of the person who wrote the will. It can~{!/~}t be in effect before the person dies. In the same way, the writer of Hebrews sees Christ~{!/~}s death as a necessity to the ratification of the New Covenant, which is in His blood. Just like a will, Christ has to die before the New Covenant can be put into effect. I would agree with the NIV translation of ~{!0~}will~{!1~} in Hebrews 9:16-17.

Bibliography

Barker, Kenneth L. and John Kohlenberger III. Consulting eds. Zondervan NIV Bible Commentary, vol. 2: New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1994.

Elwell, Walter A. Evangelical Dictionary of Theology. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001.

Lane, William L. Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 47: Hebrews 9-13. Dallas: Word Books, 1991.

Longman, Tremper III and David E. Garland. Gen. eds. The Expositor~{!/~}s Bible Commentary. Rev. ed., 13: Hebrews~~Revelation. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2006.

New American Standard Bible. Anaheim: Foundation Publications, Inc., 1997.

New International Version. http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=hebrews%209:16-17;&version=31;

Vine, W.E., Merrill F. Unger, and William White Jr. Vine~{!/~}s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1996.

[1] Hebrews 9:16-17, NIV.

[2] Walter A. Elwell, ed., Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2001), 300.

[3] Ibid., 300.

[4] Kenneth L. Barker and John Kohlenberger III, consulting eds., Zondervan NIV Bible Commentary, vol 2: New Testament (Grand Rapids, Zondervan, 1994), 981.

[5] Hebrews 9:16-17, NASB.

[6] William L. Lane, Word Biblical Commentary, vol. 47, Hebrews 9-13 (Dallas,TX: Word Books, 1991), 242.

[7] Ibid., 242.

[8] Ibid., 243.

[9] Tremper Longman III and David E. Garland, gen. eds., The Expositor~{!/~}s Bible Commentary, rev. ed., 13, Hebrews~~Revelation (Grand Rapid: Zondervan, 2006), 122.

[10] W.E. Vine, Merrill F. Unger, and William White, Jr., Vine~{!/~}s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1

996), 135.

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Published in: Mike H. Lei, Editoron at 10:12 am Comments (0)

04/09/2009 Home Bible Study, LV,NV
Rev.19:11-21:8. We see how Jesus will come to earth with His heavenly army - consisting of angels and resurrected believers who have died. The word of Jesus will defeat the beast and false prophet and the armies of the earth that came to fight against Him. The beast and false prophet will be thrown into the lake of fire. Then Satan will be bound for 1000 years. During the millenium, the kingdom of Christ will be on earth and He will reign with resurrected saints. There will be believers who survived the Tribulation on earth and they will have children. After 1000 years, Satan will be realeased from his prison for a short time and he will try to gather a huge army of unbelievers to attack the kingdom of Christ. They will be defeated by fire from heaven and the devil will be thrown into the lake of fire. Then all the dead will be judged and those not in the book of life will be judged according to what they have done and thrown into the lake of fire. Then there will be a new heaven and new earth. God will wipe away every tear and there will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain. And God said, ~{!0~}I am making everything new!~{!1~}.

Published in: Mike H. Lei, Editoron April 9, 2009 at 8:22 pm Comments (0)

04/08/2009 Prayer Journal -Mike
Dear Lord, Thank You for the message from Chuck Swindoll yesterday on ~{!0~}lust~{!1~}. Help me remember to fear You and keep You in my mind at all times. Grant me good friends to hold me accountable. Thank You for the paper on 1 John 5:16 to teach me to be mindful how to pray for others. Thank You for the time with my parents and their love for me. Please continue to guide me in the job search. May Your will be done in my life. In Jesus name, Amen.

Published in: Mike H. Lei, Editoron April 8, 2009 at 7:40 am Comments (1)

THE MEANING OF ~{!0~}INTERPRETATION~{!1~} IN 2 PETER 1:20
THE MEANING OF ~{!0~}INTERPRETATION~{!1~} IN 2 PETER 1:20
___________________
A Paper
Presented to
Dr. Stanley Toussaint
Dallas Theological Seminary
___________________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Course
BE107 Hebrews, General Epistles, and Revelation
___________________
by
Mike H. Lei
February 26, 2009
This paper will look at the meaning of ~{!0~}interpretation~{!1~} in 2 Peter 1:20. The two main views are 1) it is dealing with the interpretation of scripture; and 2) it is dealing with the origin of scripture. We will first look at the views supporting ~{!0~}interpretation~{!1~} and then the views supporting ~{!0~}origin~{!1~}. Finally, this paper will try to show that the best view is that this verse is dealing with the origin of scripture, rather than the interpretation of scripture.

The two different interpretations of 2 Peter 1:20 give two different renderings of this verse. The NIV, NET, and NLT see this verse is talking about the origin of scripture.[1] The NIV reads 2 Peter 1:20, ~{!0~}Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet~{!/~}s own interpretation~{!1~}. The ESV, NKJV, NRSV, and NASB see this verse is talking about the interpretation of scripture.[2] The NASB reads 2 Peter 1:20, ~{!0~}But know this first of all, that no prophecy of Scripture is a matter of one~{!/~}s own interpretation~{!1~}.

The proponents of the ~{!0~}interpretation~{!1~} view of 2 Peter 1:20 see this verse is defending the interpretation of the OT by the apostles and is related to 2 Peter 3:16, where it addresses the issue of false teachers distorting scripture. Schreiner writes, ~{!0~}Peter~{!/~}s argument, then, is that the readers must pay attention to the prophetic word as it is interpreted by the apostles, for the Old Testament prophecies are not a matter of personal interpretation but have been authoritatively interpreted by the apostles.~{!1~}[3] Other interpretations of the ~{!0~}interpretation~{!1~} view are that since no prophecy is a matter of one~{!/~}s own interpretation, it should be interpreted by the church, by the intention of the Holy Spirit, or by the intention of the analogy of faith.[4]

The proponents of the ~{!0~}origin~{!1~} view of 2 Peter 1:20 argue from the context of the passage and the grammar of the verse. Davids sees ~{!0~}no place in the discussion surrounding our verse does the interpretation of Scripture/a prophetic word come into the discussion.~{!1~}[5] MacArthur sees this verse is not about how to interpret Scripture, but the origin and source of Scripture.[6] Green sees ~{!0~}a contrast is set up~{!1~} in 1:20 and 1:21 between a prophet~{!/~}s own interpretation of the divine will over against prophecy as a result of God~{!/~}s activity in him.[7]

Looking at the grammar, the key words in 2 Peter 1:20 are idias epiluseos (of private interpretation) and ginetai (comes into being, occurs, arises).[8] The term idias can refer to the prophet~{!/~}s own interpretation or to the contemporary reader~{!/~}s own interpretation.[9] Davids sees from Greek writings idias can support both of these meanings. [10] Thus, the word ginetai gives a stronger argument for the ~{!0~}origin~{!1~} view. The natural meaning of the verb ginetai supports the meaning that prophecy did not arise ~{!0~}from private interpretation~{!1~}.

In conclusion, the ~{!0~}origin~{!1~} view of 2 Peter 1:20 is preferred because the immediate context of the passage deals with the source and origin of Scripture and the grammar of the passage suggests that Scripture does not come from a prophet~{!/~}s own interpretation but by the moving of the Holy Spirit.

Bibliography

Davids, Peter H. The Letters of 2 Peter and Jude. The Pillar New Testament Commentary. D. A. Carson, Gen. Ed. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2006.

Gaebelein, Frank E. Gen. Ed. J. D. Douglas. Assoc. Ed. The Expositor~{!/~}s Bible Commentary: Volume 12 (Hebrews-Revelation). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1981.

Green, Gene L. Jude and 2 Peter. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008.

Hiebert, D. Edmond. Second Peter and Jude: An Expositional Commentary. Greenville, South Carolina: Unusual Publications, 1989.

MacAruthur, John. The MacArthur Bible Commentary. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2005.

Mounce, William D and Robert H. Mounce. Gen. Eds. Greek and English Interlinear New Testament (NASB/NIV). Grand Rapids: MI: Zondervan, 2008.

Schreiner, Thomas R. 1, 2 Peter, Jude. The New American Commentary: Volume 37. E. Ray Clendenen. Gen. Ed. Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2003.

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[1] Thomas R. Schreiner, 1,2 Peter, Jude, The New American Commentary: Volume 37, E. Ray Clendenen, Gen. Ed. (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2003), 322.

[2] Ibid., 323.

[3] Ibid., 323.

[4] Frank E. Gaebelein, Gen. Ed., J.D. Douglas, Assoc. Ed., The Expositor~{!/~}s Bible Commentary: Volume 12 (Hebrews-Revelation) (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1981), 275.

[5] Peter H. Davids, The Letters of 2 Peter and Jude, The Pillar New Testament Commentary, D.A. Carson, Gen. Ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2006), 212.

[6] John MacArthur, The MacArthur Bible Commentary (Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 2005), 1932.

[7] Gene L. Green, Jude and 2 Peter (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2008), 232.

[8] D. Edmond Hiebert, Second Peter and Jude: An Expositional Commentary (Greenville, South Carolina: Unusual Publications, 1989), 81.

[9] Davids, The Letters of 2 Peter and Jude, 210.

[10] Ibid., 211.

[11] Hiebert, Second Peter and Jude, 82.

Published in: Mike H. Lei, Editoron at 7:36 am Comments (1)